How to In-Text Cite a Source in APA

Using APA style correctly is key to producing polished academic writing. One of the most important elements is the in-text citation — the brief reference to your source within the body of your paper. Here's a clear guide to APA in-text citations.

1. The Basic Format

APA format typically includes the author’s last name and the year of publication: (Smith, 2022). If you're quoting directly, add the page number: (Smith, 2022, p. 45).

2. Citing a Source in the Sentence

You can mention the author’s name in the sentence and include the year in parentheses: According to Smith (2022), students who plan ahead succeed more often.

3. No Author? Use the Title

If no author is available, use the title (shortened if needed): (“College Success,” 2020). Titles of books or reports should be italicized.

4. Group Authors

For group authors (like organizations), include the name in full: (American Psychological Association, 2021). For subsequent citations, abbreviate: (APA, 2021).

5. Multiple Authors

Two authors: (Brown & Lee, 2019). Three or more authors: (Taylor et al., 2020).

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